Microsoft Excel

It has two types of Extension .xls and .xlsx. In old version, up to 2003 is .xls and now is .xlsx up to 2013. Read the following information first…

An Excel file called Workbook and a Workbook have many Worksheet or Electronic Spreadsheet (255).

Electronic Spreadsheet: An electronic spreadsheet application accepts data values and relationships between the data values in a tabular format consisting of rows and columns. It allows user to perform calculation on these values. If any information is changed the worksheet program automatically recalculates all results.

Cell Reference: A reference that identifies a cell or a range of a cells on a worksheet that user want to use in a formula. There are three types of cell reference are as follows.

1. Relative Cell Reference: When user copy formula from one cell to another cell, the cell address is changed accordingly. For example:-

2. Mixed Cell Reference: For fixed a column or row in a formula user should to fixed ($) column or row. When user copy formula from one cell to another cell, then one part of cell is fixed and other is relative. For example:-

[1]

[2]

3. Absolute Cell Reference: For fixed a cell value in a formula user should to fixed ($) column as well as row. When user copy formula from one cell to another cell, then cell address will not be change accordingly. For example:-

Comment: A comment is a note that attach to a cell and separate from other cell content. Comments are useful as remainders.

Filtering Record: Filtering is a quick and easy way to find and work with a subset of data in a range. It displays only the rows that meet the criteria that user specify for a column. There are two types of filtering: a)Auto Filter and b)Advance Filter.

Chart: Chart is a Pictorial representation of data in the worksheet. It give user to represent data in the most effect manner by using any type of chart. There are 11 type of chart in Excel 2007.

Goal Seek: Goal Seek is the part of a suite of commands sometimes called what-if analysis tools. Microsoft Excel use the value in one specific cell until a formula that’s dependent on that cell for return the result which user want.

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Database

What is Database?

The database is an organized collection of related information. We have stressed "ORGANISED", because only organized information is a database. Any unorganized information is just like a pile or dump, and it cannot be called a database. Organized information or a database serves as an information base you can use it for:-

1.Retrieving desired information.

2.Taking Meaningful Decision

3.Reorganized Information.

4.Processing Information.

Type of  Database: From the technical point of view, there are three type of database are as follows: -

Hierarchical Database: The hierarchical database organized data into a tree structure of files, where each node of the tree contains one type of data. For example, you might organize a banks data in a hierarchical format.

Network Database: The network database structure is an extension of Hierarchical or Tree structure. Instead of only one child node, however network structure can have multiple parent nodes for a child node.

Relational Database: The relational structure is to relate dada records using a standard tabular format. It is used to normally two dimensional tables to describe all relationship between data. For example relational tables could be established to link a college course with the instructor of the course and with location of the classes.

Deference between DBMS and RDBMS:

Elements OF A Database: There are two elements of a database “FIELDS” and “RECORDS”. For example, if there is a database name “STUDENT”, same as below:-

Here every column heading (Ex. ROLL, NAME…) is a field, and every row (Ex. S001, S002…) is a record and every cell (Ex. M SEN, 57.00…) is the field value of a record. So we can say "S005" is the field value of roll of the record number five.

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Microsoft Word

Microsoft Word (.doc)

Header and Footer: The information which appears at the top of every page is called Header and at the bottom is called Footer.

Drop Cap: Drop cap is called initial cap to decorate first letter or word that have been stylized and bigger than surrounding text.

Hyperlink: A hyperlink is a connection between two document and parts of same document. It is commonly used in Internet Sites.

Table: A table is a grid of rows and columns that intersect with cells. It's easy to read or present information into rows and columns.

Auto Text: Auto text is a storage location for text or graphics, which user recorded as an auto text entry by a unique name.

Spike: Spike is a special type of auto text entry that store text and graphics which user want to delete.

Difference Between Auto Text & Spike:

Auto Correct: AutoCorrect is a special feature of MS Office, which automatically detect and correct misspelled words. 

For example: If user type teh+Space bar, then AutoCorrect replace with the and this is theh ouse+Space bar, then replace with this is the house.

User can also insert symbol using the AutoCorrect.

For example: If user type (C)+Space bar it change with © and (R)+Space bar it change with ®.

Mail Merge: the automatic addition of names and addresses from a database to letters and envelopes in order to facilitate sending mail, especially advertising to many addresses is Mail Merge.

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MS Access

It has two types of Extension .mdb and .accdb. In old version, up to 2003 is .mdb and now is .accdb up to 2013.

Tables: It consist of records (rows) and fields (columns). The actual data is defined and entered in here. It is used to enter, store, organize and view data.

Field: It is a column that contains categories of single type information.

Record: It is a column that contains categories of all type information.

Auto Number: The field Auto Number is a long integer (32 bits) that access generates itself as a unique number in the table. Example:-1, 2… as enter the records. 

Primary key: A unique identifier of a table is Primary key that establishes a relationship between two tables. It is usually an auto-generated number. Example:-Student ID.

Foreign key: Foreign key also called a foreign keyword. When a primary key of a table appear as a normal key it’s became a foreign key. The Foreign key and the Primary key must have the same type. However, when the Primary key is an Auto Number, the Foreign key must be long integer. Example:-Student ID. 

Text: The field can contain any characters. The Field Size property defines the maximum number of characters(not above 255).

Input Mask: An input mask controls the value of a record and set it in a specific format. They are similar

to the format property. Example:-LLLL0000 (STUD0001).

Validation Rule & Validation Text: Validation rules specify requirements for the data entered in the worksheet and Validation text is a customize message can be displayed to the user when data that violates the rule setting.

Relationship: An association that established between common fields (column) in two tables. A

relationship can be one to one, one to many, many to many. If user need to delete a relationship, click it and press Del.

1. One to One: One to one relationship is single value in both directions.Example:- A manager manages one department, a departments has only one manager.

2. One to Many: One to many relationship is multi value in one directions. Example:-An employee can work one department,On the other hand one department can have many employees.

3. Many to Many: One to many relationship is multi value in both directions. Example:-An employee can work more than one project and a project can has more than one employee.

Queries: A query allows user to extract database on the define criteria.User use queries to view, change, and analyze data in different ways. There are several types of queries in Microsoft Access. 1. Select Query, 2. Crosstab Query, 3. Update Query, 4. Append Query, 5. Delete Query,

6. Parameter Query: A parameter query is a query that when run display its own dialog box prompting user for information, such as criteria (Criteria: Conditions that specify to limit which records are included in the result) for retrieving records or a value.

Form: A form is a type of a database object that is primarily used to enter or display data in a database. User can also used to enter, edit, or view data stored in a table or a query.

Report: Used to display and print selected information from a table or a query in a visually appealing Customized way.

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Practical: 1

Start Process 1: Click Start Button -> All Programs -> Microsoft Office -> Microsoft Office Access 2007 OR Winkey+R -> msaccess -> OK -> Microsoft Office Access 2007 -> Choice a specific location and type a database name by click in ‘More…’ buttonOpen.

Start Process 2: Open Computer -> Open Local Disk (D :) -> Right click -> New -> Folder (Microsoft Office Access 2007 Database) -> Open -> Right click -> New -> Microsoft Office Access 2007 Database (High School) -> Open

Snapshots:

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